2008年7月14日星期一

外汇交易的相关词汇

从一个在线外汇交易网站上看到的词汇表
https://secure.easy-forex.com/Int/cn/Glossary.aspx

Aggregate


Total amount of exposure a bank has with a customer for both spot and forward contracts.


American Option


An option which may be exercised at any valid business date throughout the life of the option.



Appreciation


Describes a currency strengthening in response to market demand rather than by official action.





Arbitrage


A risk-free type of trading where the same instrument is bought and sold simultaneously in two different markets in order to cash in on the difference in these markets.



Around


Used in quoting forward "premium / discount".



Ask Price


Ask is the lowest price acceptable to the buyer.



Asset


In the context of foreign exchange it is the right to receive from a counterparty an amount of currency either in respect of a balance sheet asset (e.g. a loan) or at a specified future date in respect of an unmatched forward or spot deal.



At Best


An instruction given to a dealer to buy or sell at the best rate that is currently available in the market.



At or Better


An order to deal at a specific rate or better.




At Par Forward Spread


When the forward price is equivalent to the spot price.



At the Price Stop-Loss Order


A stop-loss order that must be executed at the requested level regardless of market conditions.



At-the-Money


An option whose strike/exercise price is equal to or near the current market price of the underlying instrument.



Auction


Sale of an item to the highest bidder. (1) A method commonly used in exchange control regimes for the allocation of foreign exchange. (2) A method for allocating government paper, such as US Treasury Bills. Small investors are given preferential access to the bills. The average issuing price is then computed on the basis of the competitive bids accepted. In some circumstances for government auctions it is the yield rather than the price which is bid.



Average Rate Option


A contract where the exercise price is based on the difference between the strike price and the average spot rate over the contract period. Sometimes called an "Asian option".

2008年7月1日星期二

红宝书背单词

http://it.jiangnan.edu.cn/yinshua/chencong/mywords/

从07年底开始背红宝,发现很痛苦,背了就忘,而且很多词意思相关,光看书很难有效的进行组织。现有的背单词软件或者很复杂,或者不合自己的习惯,于是就自己既当程序员又当客户,编写了这个小软件。其实从07年暑假复习托福的时候就开始写这个软件的雏形了,陆陆续续维护到了现在,将近1年的时间,眼下离086G没几天,要最后冲刺了,估计也不会有时间大规模的更新,所以斗胆拿出来分享,希望对大家有用。

特点:

1、 简单实用

2、 自定义学习计划

现有的软件,分组大多是固定的,比如红宝书中分成40~50个list,但是每个人的能力不一样,一天一个还是几个list因人而异。我个人的经验是list不要太大,这样来回反复的周期长。对于容易记忆的词,一般看1、2遍就记住了,而难记的词,需要反反复复,而且要频繁。如果list很大,一个循环要很长时间,难词重复的频率就低,不容易记忆。

因此本软件设计成可以自定义list大小,配合筛选功能,可以对小部分难词大强度的反复记忆。

3、 自定义难、易词标准

缺省设置答对5次记为熟词,小于2次记为生词,可自定义。支持筛选,可重点对生词进行突破。

4、 相关词分组(近、反、易混)

可以建立分组,把相关词搜罗在一起,每次背单词的时候,顺带复习一下相关词。而且相关词支持搜索、批量导入。

5、 快速搜索

6、 以单词为单位导出含中文解释的Mp3

我发现借助随身听抓紧点滴时间复习是个很好的方法,非常的节约时间。红宝书自带的Mp3是含有中文解释的,但是是一整个list一个Mp3文件,这样有一个缺点:复习的时候,一个list中大部分我都是认识的,这样全部都听太浪费时间了。本软件可以根据筛选把部分单词以一个单词一个Mp3文件的形式导出,这个可以只导出生词的Mp3文件,存放在随身听中复习。

2008年6月27日星期五

英语阅读网站

http://www.englishreading.info/
















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Grief Loss
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Top7 Or 10 Tips
Wine Spirits


2008年6月23日星期一

从电影小谈英中互译 (2008-06-23 09:04:13)

从电影小谈英中互译 (2008-06-23 09:04:13)
标签:杂谈
http://blog.sina.com.cn/fanyafei
博主按:事实上我们多少都遇到过这样的问题:字幕上的每个英文字都认识,但却不知道什么意思;英文字看的很懂,但我要让你翻译成中文,你却翻译的完全是“英式语言”,听着怎么也不像汉语!要克服这个问题唯有多做琢磨,不断提高自己的国语水平!同时还可多做些文化比较方面的功课,相信必有收获。下面附上一遍同行的文章,略作浅显之探讨。



翻译,这不是翻译家的是事吗?至少是行家的职责呀!你可能会这样说。其实,翻译事业,人人有责。而且,我们大多数中国人学外语的方法和途径就是翻译,使用外语的方法也是翻译。因此,我们要更多地从翻译入手学外语,学外语的过程中也要更多地做翻译,不论是处于初级水平,还是处于中级或高级水平。(这点本人倒是很赞同,不管现在水平怎样,多做中英、英中的互译确实能有收获)

本文只摘取13例外国电影的汉译,一是希望大家对翻译更感兴趣,二是希望大家从中得到翻译方法的启迪,以直接或间接地服务于大家考试(考研和口译资格证考试)中的翻译。

(文章原作者节选的下面13个电影片段都是比较相对极端的例子,我很少看中文字幕的电影(非自夸英文有多好,自认英文一般,只是很多中文版确不堪入耳),看到下面的一些翻译仍然忍不住一笑,决定以后多找点这种电影看看,聊以开怀:))

翻译贵在理解。只有理解了原文,才能使译文忠实于原文,才能使译文通顺易懂。而理解原文的钥匙便是原文的语境、功能、关联这三大要素:这恰好也是三条根本的语用原则。下面请看译例以及我们的短评。欢迎参加我们的讨论。

1. You're a pal!(选自电影Presumed Innocent)

你真够朋友/你真够哥们!

短评:我看到电影字幕是“你是一个朋友”,这句译文是判断或阐述,而原文是抒情(属于“表达类”言语行为)。可见,好译文要翻译出原文的交际功能。

2. I am ready to pop.(选自电影Liar Liar)

我要爆炸了/我的肚子要裂开了。

短评:这是对“还要吃点吗?”的应答,因此是礼貌拒绝的功能。那么,翻译成“吃不下了”、“再吃就要爆炸了”也算合格。根本不能像字幕那样翻译:“我准备引爆。”

3. I am in the book business.(选自电影You've Got Mail)

我是做图书生意的/我是书商。

短评:电影字幕是“我在书生意里”,一是汉语不地道,观众不知所云;二是没有翻译出原文的功能:原文是介绍自己的职业,相当于“我是医生/教师”。

4. I owe you my life.(选自电影The Count of Monte Critsto)

我欠你一条命/我这条命是你捡回来的。

短评:电影字幕是“我这条命是你给的”,岂有此理!命乃父母所赐。原文的功能是致谢。因此,若译为“我欠你一大笔人情”或“以后用得着我尽管说”也比 “给”字句好些。

5. She never called me at home.(选自电影Presumed Innocent)

她从不在家给我打电话/她不在家里跟我打电话。

短评:电影字幕说是“她不跟我家打电话”。虽然英语语法有一定的模糊性,但是根据剧情应该是“她在家……”。语言交际的推理要以最佳关联为原则。

6. That's the thing nowadays.(选自电影Liar Liar)现在就时兴这个/眼下就流行这个。

短评:一女子对男友说及眼前的一件漂亮的时装,这句话虽然模糊但是不能译成字幕上的“现在就是这个东西”。

7. They zig. You zag.(选自电影Fair Game)

他们左,你就右/他们这样,你却那样。

短评:原文如同汉语的拆文解字,把zigzag拆成两个临时造词,表示不一致。不能把原文译为“他们这样‘之’字型,你却那样‘之’字型”。这样观众就云里雾里了。

8. I don't want us to end up enemies.(选自电影Presumed Innocent)

我不希望咱们闹翻/我不希望以互相为敌而告终。

短评:电影字幕的译文是“我不希望干掉敌人”。原文末尾虽然是成语化的简洁,但是根据最佳关联的原则还是可以推理为“闹翻”或“为敌”的译文。

9. Do you mind if I borrow this chair? - Yes, I mind.(选自电影You've Got Mail)

我借这把椅子坐坐可以吗?——不行的/不行不行。

短评:字幕是“……介意吗”和“……介意”。作为礼貌的套话,do you mind应该译为“好不好/行不行/你愿不愿意……?”当然,电影里女主人公的拒绝是标记性的,是不太礼貌的。

10. I saw something I could never have seen.(选自电影Ghost Ship)

我看见了,真稀奇/我看见了一个前所未见的东西。

短评:原文相当于I saw a strange thing,因此,不能译为“我明白了,原先不明白的”。当然正确的理解是离不开语境(情景和上下文)的。

11. You're cleverer than you look.(选自电影Brave Heart)

你真聪明,看不出来/没想到你的脑子还很好使。

短评:字幕翻译是“你比你看上去的聪明一些”,我的一些学生也这样译,离钱锺书先生提出的“化境”十万八千里。就是说该译文的汉语不地道。

12. The tea is served, Madam.(选自电影The Princess Diaries)

茶好了,太太/请用茶,夫人。

短评:这是女佣对女主人说的话。电影字幕是“茶水端上来了”,这是宣告或通知,而原文是礼节性交际空白填充(不说话显得不开心不默契),是献茶的邀请(相当于please)。译文不能出现语言功能的误解或错位。

13. Please come here. I beg. In the name of Christ.(选自电影Brave Heart)

请过来吧,求你了,快点吧/过来,过来,过来吧我的小祖宗!

(求你了,过来吧,看在基督的份上!/看在主的份上,过来吧,求你了~)

短评:原文的末尾是请求或命令的强势语,与基督或基督教没有丝毫关联。再看字幕翻译:“请过来,我求你,以基督的名义。”我国的主流文化是非宗教文化,难怪这样的译文不地道。叫孩子“小/老祖宗”倒可以,《红楼梦》里贾母等人就是这样叫宝玉的。

电影翻译要从语境、功能和关联切入才能达到正确的理解和通顺的译文,考研翻译和口译资格证考试也莫不如此:大凡出现问题的译文,不论是误解了原文的字面义还是内涵义,也不管是译文表达欠通顺还是欠地道,大抵可以说是没有把好原文的语境、功能、关联的脉冲之故,这里恕不一一赘述。

上面都是一些不太成功的翻译,是不是我们的翻译都不行呢?当然不是。也有一些译的不错的,例如:沙博里将《水浒传》译为:Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒)。(博主按:我们来看看outlaw 的英文释义:An outlaw is a criminal who is hiding from the authorities. (OLD-FASHIONED) 这里把outlaw 译成亡命之徒,是否准确?大家共同论之)杨宪益译将屈原的《国殇》译为:For Those Fallen for Their Country,北外出版社将《儒林外史》译为:The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的好“手艺”。

再看一段

老者道:“西方却去不得。那山离此有六十里远,正是西方必由之路。却有八百里火焰,周围寸草不生,若过此山,就是铜脑盖,铁身躯,也要化成汁哩。”

“It’s impossible to get to the west,” the old man replied, “The mountains are about twenty miles from here. You have to cross them to get to the west, but they’re over 250 miles of flame. Not a blade of grass can grow anywhere around. Even if you had a skull of bronze and a body of iron, you would melt trying to cross them.”

(詹纳尔译《西游记·孙悟空一调芭蕉扇》)

2008年6月10日星期二

http://www.italki.com/


http://www.italki.com/

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italki.com is a free language learning website where you can find everything you need to learn a language online. italki applies Web 2.0 concepts, such as social networking, user-generated content, and crowdsourcing, to language learning. italki is home to a global community of language learners representing over 90 languages worldwide. This website is one of the first social networks focused on learning foreign languages and continues to be an innovator in this space with features such as multimedia chat, socially-driven questions and answers, open-source file sharing, and collaborative knowledge-based wikis.
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2008年6月7日星期六

Simplified English - 简化的英语

This story begins from George Bernard Shaw, he experimented simplified English in his work like Pygmalion.
Following is a joke or something.
The European Commission has just announced an agreement whereby English will
be the official language of the European Union rather than German, which was
the other possibility.

As part of the negotiations, the British Government conceded that English
spelling had some room for improvement and has accepted a 5 year phase-in
plan that would become known as "EuroEnglish".

In the first year, "s" will replace the soft "c". Sertainly, this will make
the sivil servants jump with joy.

The hard "c" will be dropped in favour of "k". This should klear up
konfusion, and keyboards kan have one less letter.


There will be growing publik enthusiasm in the sekond year when the
troublesome "ph" will be replaced with "f". This will make words like
fotograf 20% shorter.

In the 3rd year, publik akseptanse of the new spelling kan be expekted to
reach the stage where more komplikated changes are possible.

Governments will enkourage the removal of double letters which have always
ben a deterent to akurate speling.

Also, al wil agre that the horibl mes of the silent "e" in the languag is
disgrasful and it should go away.

By the 4th yer people wil be reseptiv to steps such as replasing "th" with
"z" and "w" with "v".

During ze fifz yer, ze unesesary "o" kan be dropd from vords kontaining
"ou"and
after ziz fifz yer, ve vil hav a reil sensibl riten styl.

Zer vil be no mor trubl or difikultis and evrivun vil find it ezi tu
understand ech oza. Ze drem of a united urop vil finali kum tru.
Und efter ze fifz yer, ve vil al be speking German like zey vunted in ze
forst plas.

If zis mad you smil, pleas pas on to oza pepl.

Spelling about English or other language.

Spelling is not important. Check the following lines:

Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig!